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African American Genealogy: Pre-1870 Non-Population Schedules & Resources

This guide provides a beginner's introduction to African American Genealogy research, as well as an overview of available resources at the New York Public Library and beyond.

1850 and 1860 Non-Population Schedules

In addition to the population schedule taken during the 1850 and 1860 censuses, two non-population schedules were also taken. Both of these non-population schedules can be incredibly useful when conducting African American genealogy research. The first was a Slave Schedule and the second was a Mortality Schedule.

The Slave Schedule

In 1850 and 1860 it was decided to count free peoples separately from enslaved people. What type of information can you find in the Slave Schedules?

  • The name of the slave owner
  • The number of slaves owned
  • The number of slaves manumitted (freed) in the prior year
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Color

 

The Mortality Schedule

The Mortality Schedules for 1850 and 1860 included the name of each person (enslaved or free) who died during those years (May to June 1st for both censuses). What type of information can you find in the Mortality Schedules?

  • Names (for enslaved people there is sometimes no surname listed)
  • Age 
  • Date of death
  • Place of birth
  • Gender
  • Color 
  • Occupation

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